• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The intention is to produce a ceiling element (100, 300) that lets in daylight into a building from above the building. The roof element (100, 300) is adapted to be used in a roof construction for a building. The roof element (100, 300) comprises supporting beams (101, 301), an outer roof (103, 303) and an ceiling (105, 303, 305), and a light opening arranged in the outer roof (103, 303). The roof elements (100, 200, 300) can be joined together. The joined roof elements (100, 200, 300) form a roof construction. The roof structure comprises at least two roof elements (100, 200, 300) which can be joined together to form a continuous roof surface. At least one roof element (100, 300) in the roof structure comprises a light opening arranged in the outer roof (103, 303). Procedures for building a roof for a building include the construction of the roof for the building by using the roof construction.
    公开号:FI20175474A1
    申请号:FI20175474
    申请日:2017-05-29
    公开日:2018-11-30
    发明作者:Vesa-Matti Moilanen
    申请人:Moilanen Vesa Matti；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ROOF ELEMENT, ROOF STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A ROOF
    Subject of the application
    The application relates to a roof element, a roof structure and a method for manufacturing a roof of a building.
    background
    Spacious and bright spaces give dwelling dignity. Today, more and more windows are being chosen for homes because they are more energy efficient than before and their specific properties cannot be compared to other building materials. The use of daylight in housing is of great value. The effects of daylight on a person's alertness and state of mind are recognized, and some of the daylight devices have received medical status. A significant amount of daylight is available in Finland during the summer. Even in the winter, daylight is reasonably sufficient for normal waking hours. In cloudy weather or at dusk indoors, it seems as if there is not enough daylight inside the building for 20 days. This is partly due to the fact that daylight access to the building is limited by the window openings on the walls of the building, although the amount of daylight coming from above is more intense.
    A brief summary
    The aim is to produce a roof element that allows daylight to enter the building from above the building. The roof element is adapted for use in the roof structure of a building. The roof element comprises load-bearing beams 30, a roof and a roof, and a light opening arranged in the roof. The roof elements can be joined together. The roof elements connected to each other form a roof structure. The roof structure is adapted to be mounted on the ridge beam and the exterior wall of the building. The roof structure comprises at least two roof elements which can be joined together to form a continuous roof surface. The at least one roof element of the roof structure comprises a light opening provided in the roof. This
    20175474 prh 29 -05-2017 allows the roof of a building to be designed and manufactured so that in desired parts of the building daylight can pass through the roof from above the building into the building. On the other hand, if daylight is not desired at some points of the building to penetrate inside the building through the roof 5, roof elements which do not comprise a light opening in the roof are installed at these points.
    A method of manufacturing a roof of a building comprises manufacturing a roof of a building using a roof structure as described above. 10 In the method, roof elements are fixed to the building's beams and to the exterior wall of the building.
    Description of the drawings
    The invention is illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a general vertical sectional view of a roof element, Fig. 2 is a vertical vertical sectional view of a roof element, Fig. 3a is a vertical , which, with the roof element in place, sits against the exterior wall or ridge of the building.
    Detailed description
    A horizontal sectional view of the roof element 100 is generally shown in Figure 1. The roof element comprises load-bearing beams 101 and a water roof 103. The load-bearing beams 101 may be wood. The wood used in the load-bearing beams 101 may be, for example, solid wood or glulam. The bearing beams 101 carry the weight and other loads of the roof element. The roof 103 may be glass or sheet metal. The roof element 100 comprises, underneath the water roof 103, a first material layer 102. The first material layer 102 35 may be, for example, plywood. Below the first layer of material 102 may be an insulating layer 104. Below the insulating layer 104 may be
    20175474 prh 29 -05-2017 second layer of material 105. The roof element also comprises an interior cover. The roof 103 may also serve as an interior roof. When the roof element comprises a second layer of material 105, it also acts as an interior cover.
    The roof elements 100 are connectable to each other regardless of their water roof material. The dimensions of the roof elements 100 are compatible. By joining the roof elements together, a continuous, continuous roof surface is obtained. The roof elements 100 connected to each other form a roof structure. The roof structure is adapted to be mounted on the ridge beam and 10 on the outside wall of the building. The roof elements 100 are suitable for a ridge, a console or a roof with a roof. The roof elements 100 are suitable for use in buildings of different frame materials.
    Roof ridge refers to the highest point of a roofed building. 15 A roof slab is a continuous sloping roof surface leaving the roof ridge.
    The ridge beam of a building means the highest support structure extending in the longitudinal direction of the house with the roof ridge. The building's beam may be a crane log. In this context, the length of the roof element and the roof slab is defined as the length between the beams of the building and the eaves crossing the exterior wall.
    The width of the roof element and the roof panel, in turn, refers to the width parallel to the ridge beam. Above the roof element is meant the water side of the roof element. Below the roof element is meant the inside of the roof element. The terms "" below "and" "above" refer to the position of someone relative to the installed roof element.
    Light aperture means the part of the roof element that is exposed to daylight. The light aperture may be transparent.
    Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of a roof element 200. The roof members 200 have bearing beams 201 on the sides 30 of the roof flap length. The bearing beams 201 are wood. The height and thickness of the load-bearing beams 201 are determined by the loads and the load-bearing capacity and by the installation space required for attaching the roof element, optionally left on the building's beam. On top of the supporting beams 201, a first material layer 202, for example plywood, is provided 35 over its entire length and width. Plywood can be, for example, birch plywood. Under the first layer of material 202,
    Between the bearing beams 201 of the 20175474 prh 29 -05-20 2017, a first insulating layer 204 is provided over the entire length of the element. Below the first dielectric layer 204 is provided a material layer 205, for example plywood. Plywood can be, for example, birch plywood. The interior part of the building of the material layer 205 is the inner roof of the 5 roof elements 200. For example, plasterboard, plywood, panel or sheet metal may be attached to the ceiling. The liner may also be provided with a separate fold, to which a desired surface, such as plasterboard, plywood, panel or sheet metal, may in turn be secured.
    As shown in Fig. 2, an additional layer may be provided on top of the first layer of material 202, comprising warping trees 206 parallel to and supported by the supporting beams, and an insulating layer 207 arranged between the warping beams. The damper acting as a water cover 15 203 is attached to the upper surface of the material layer 208 by means of, for example, an adhesive layer or screws.
    Figures 3a and 3b show a vertical sectional view of another roof element 300 at two different points. Fig. 3a is a vertical sectional view of the roof element 300 at the light opening of the roof element 300 and Fig. 3b shows a vertical sectional view of the roof element 300 according to Fig. 3a at the position of the roof element 300 The bearing members 301 of the roof element 300 have 25 bearing beams 301 parallel to the length of the roof flap. The bearing beams 301 are wood. The height and thickness of the load-bearing beams 301 are determined by the loads and the load-bearing capacity, and by the mounting space required for attaching the roof element, optionally left on the building's beam. On top of the supporting beams 301 over their entire length is a first layer of material 302. The first layer of material 302 may be plywood, for example birch plywood.
    As shown in Fig. 3b, the width of the first material layer 302 at both longitudinal ends of the roof element 300 is the same as the width of the entire roof element 300. Here, too, there may be an insulating layer 304 underneath the first material layer 302. An insulating layer 305 may be located below the insulating layer 35 304. 3b
    The structure according to 20175474 prh 29 -05-2017 may be at least at the positions of the roof element 300, where, when installed, the roof element 300 will be positioned against the outer wall of the building and the roof ridge. The water roof is an insulating glass element 303. The insulating glass element 303 is arranged over the first layer of material 5 302 and across the width between the bearing beams 301. As shown in Fig. 3a, the first layer of material 302 is arranged at positions where daylight is desired to penetrate the roof element 300, so that it is below the insulating glass element 303 only at the bearing beams 301. 3a, the interior part of the building 10 of the insulating glass element 303 is the roof of the roof element 300. The area in which daylight passes through roof element 300 is called the light aperture of roof element 300. The light aperture area of the roof element 300 is at least 50% of the area of the water roof of the roof element 300.
    The insulating glass element 303 is attached to the roof element 300, for example, using a structural glazing method (sg glazing). In the structural glazing method, an aluminum slab is mounted on the first layer of material 302 at a position which is aligned with the supporting beam 301. At least part of its width is fitted with a glazing strip on the aluminum sheet.
    The glazing strip comprises an adhesive surface. The insulating glass element 303 is mounted on an aluminum strip and a glazing strip. The gap between the insulating glass element 303 and the bar is filled with special silicone mass developed for structural glazing. The insulating glass element 303, the aluminum strip and the glazing strip are then glued together.
    The structure of the insulating glass element 303 acting as a water roof is selectable according to the load and the desired properties. The insulating glass element 303 may be formed from a plurality of separate glasses. For example, the insulating glass element 303 may consist of five 6 mm thick glasses. The glasses may be tempered and / or laminated. Tempered glass can withstand loads, high temperatures and rapid temperature changes better than ordinary glass.
    When broken, the toughened glass goes into tiny crumbs that do not have the cutting edge that is typical of regular glass. Intermediate strips may be installed between the glasses. The dividers separate the glasses, leaving a vacuum between them. The voids between the glasses may be filled with gas to provide better thermal insulation. A laminating film may be provided between the pair of glass. The laminating film may be arranged at the outermost and / or
    20175474 prh 29 -05- 2017 between the innermost pair of glass. When broken, laminated glass stays in one piece, protecting it from falling or falling. Laminated glass can break like regular glass, but the plastic laminating film holds the glass shards in place. By laminating, different colors of glass can be obtained.
    The outer glass of the insulating glass element 303 may be self-cleaning on its outer surface. Self-cleaning glass is called active glass. The outer surface of the glass may have a titanium dioxide coating. Natural light causes 10 processes on the surface of the active glass to decompose organic dirt, such as pollen, bird droppings or tree leaves. (Rain) water washes away the scattered dirt. The glass dries without forming limescale.
    The outermost glass of the insulating glass element 303 may be a sunscreen. 15 Sunscreen reduces the transmission of solar energy and helps control glare. Sunscreen reduces the need for air-conditioning systems while reducing building operating costs and energy savings.
    The penetration of excessive sunlight into the building through a roof element comprising a glass roof covering 20 may be limited, for example, by installing an automatically or manually operated curtain system between the load-bearing beams. One of the glasses of the insulating glass element 303 may also be selected as an electric-tinted glass.
    At least one of the glasses of the insulating glass element 303 may be electrically heated glass, i.e. electric glass. Electrically heated glass produces electricity in a desired and controlled manner with the help of electric current. The electrically heated glass can be controlled by snow sensors and an automatic system or manually. For example, the electrically heated glass may be the second outermost glass of the insulating glass element 303. Electrically heated glass provides an unobstructed view of the sky all year round. Electrically heated glass can be inside a building. In this case, the electrically heated glass can function as part of the building's heating system. With electrically heated glass inside the building, any temperature difference at the interface between the glass and the room air 35 can be minimized and no air flow cooler than room air due to the temperature difference can enter the building.
    20175474 prh 29 -05- 2017
    The outermost glass of the insulating glass element 303 may be glass which absorbs the heat radiation and allows light to pass through. For example, the heat collected can be used to heat the building's hot water.
    The dimensions of the roof elements 100, 200, 300 are compatible such that the roof elements can be joined together, for example, regardless of the material of the roof. The interconnected roof elements 100, 200, 300 form a continuous continuous roof surface. If the roofing element 200 with tin roofing roof 200 and the roofing element 300 with insulating glass element 303 as roofing water are joined together, the combined height of the roofing element 200, the second layer of material 208 the height of the insulating glass element 303 in the vertical vertical section of the roof element 300.
    The roof of a building may be manufactured using roof structures comprising the above-described roof elements. The roof structure comprises at least two roof elements. The method is especially suitable for small house construction. Factory made roof elements can be mounted on the ceiling one at a time. It is also possible that one roof slab roof elements are already attached to one another at the factory, and that the entire slab is lifted at 25 construction sites with one lift. The advantage of roof elements is that the roof is already installed in the roof elements and does not need to be installed separately. Factory-made roof elements are highly advanced and competitive. Installation of roofing elements on site is quick and easy and does not require several separate work steps.
    The roof elements are attached at two points to the building and to each other. The roof elements are attached to the building's beams and to the exterior wall of the building. The roof elements are fastened from the first 35 longitudinal ends on the top or side of the building's beams.
    At one of its longitudinal ends, the roof elements are fixed
    20175474 prh 29 -05- 2017 on the exterior wall of the building. Roof elements can be attached to both the beams and the outside wall in a number of different ways. Possible ways include, for example, fastening with angle brackets, studs, steel fittings, beam shoes, nail plates and interlining. In addition, the roof elements 5 can, for example, be fastened with metal parts for securing, or between the beams of the roof elements by means of a mechanical fastening plate from which the roof element is fixed. The exterior walls of the building can be sealed to the roof elements by taping or sealing between them. With a building brush, a weatherproof, swollen insulation tape can be installed between the joints 10. The insulating tape acts at the same time as an air and vapor barrier and is modified as a result of possible movements.
    The ridge beam of the building is 15 feet higher than the upper edges of the exterior walls in a roofed house. The roof elements are installed at an angle greater than zero to the horizontal top of the building's exterior walls. For example, the angle of the installed roof elements to the horizontal top edge of the exterior walls of the building, i.e. the roof slope, may be about 20 degrees.
    The slope of the roof affects the size of the roof elements. The physical properties of glass make it possible for a uniform surface of glass to have a maximum slope of about 20 degrees and a width of about 1.2 meters and a length of 4.9 meters. In a wider case, the glass would "hang" too much under its own weight, which could present a risk, for example, in the form of leaks caused by rainwater. The roof covering comprising the glass of the roof element may also comprise more than one insulating glass element. In this way the size of the glass surface can be increased. The seams of the separate insulating glass elements are jointed using the structural glazing method. Structural glazing is a glass structure system 30 in which the glasses or glass elements are fixed to the frame structures by gluing. The cover strips are not used, but the gaps between the glass elements are sealed with special mass. In this way, the facade becomes cohesive. The seam between the insulating glass elements made by the structural glazing method comprises an expandable strip, a bottom strip provided thereon, and a joint mass on the top of the seam over the bottom strip.
    The sealant has good cohesion and adhesion.
    20175474 prh 29 -05- 2017
    The adjacent roof elements can be fastened to one another in various ways through load-bearing beams. A sealing strip can be installed between adjacent roof elements. The adjacent roof elements can be attached to each other 5, for example, by screwing a screw crosswise from below the bearing beam of the first roof element through the bearing beam so that the screw sinks into the bearing beam of the adjacent second roof element. Correspondingly, from below the bearing beam of the second roof element, a screw is screwed through the bearing beam so that the screw sinks into the bearing beam of the adjacent first roof element. 10
    The length of the roof element is equal to the length of the roof blade. In this case, there are no horizontal seams in the roof element or at the joints of the roof elements of the single roof blade. Vertical seams between adjacent roof elements are waterproofed. All seams between roof elements 15 are sealed using the structural glazing method. In the structural glazing method, the spacing of roof elements is jointed with special mass. In the structural glazing method, the seam comprises an expandable strip to be installed at the lowest level between the roof elements, a bottom strip to be applied thereto, and a joint mass 20 to be applied to the top of the seam. The sealant has good cohesion and adhesion.
    The roof elements may comprise at least one dielectric layer. The insulating layer may comprise, for example, extruded polystyrene (xps) or wool. The cellular structure of Xps is completely cohesive and closed. It is substantially different from the cellular structure of the 25 styrofoam. The uniform cellular structure of Xps is achieved by a manufacturing process in which carbon dioxide is dissolved in high pressure molten polystyrene. In the manufacture of Xps, a uniform so called water repellent is formed on the surface of the board. a skin with a single layer of polystyrene instead of cells. The surface skins on the board surfaces and the central cellular structure 30 make the structure a sandwich structure which further increases the rigidity of the board. Thanks to its closed and uniform cellular structure, the xps insulation also functions as a vapor barrier. The Xps insulation does not conduct water capillary and does not need to be protected against moisture and frost on site or during transport. The Xps insulation forms an air and vapor barrier layer on the inner surface of the roof elements of the roof 35, comprising a sheet metal roof and an insulating glass element as the roof roof.
    20175474 prh 29 -05- 2017 The exterior wall and roof ridge of the building hit the interior surface of the building.
    The roof element may comprise a photovoltaic solution. In the photovoltaic solution 5, thin and flexible solar panels can be glued to the water roof during the manufacturing of the roof element.
    Under the roof made with the above-mentioned roof elements, there is no traditional upper floor space. Thus, for example, ventilation ducts, electrical ducts and water pipes are installed in a different way than the conventional one.
    The ventilation of the building can be implemented by supplying replacement air to the premises from the top of the exterior walls of the building, where a enclosed pipeline is provided for the ventilation pipes. A branch is installed in the ventilation ducts at the point where the supply air is to be directed to the required space. 15 The building's exhaust air ducts can be installed in the building's partitions.
    In the case of a multi-storey building, the exhaust ducts can also be installed on the floor of the building. It is also possible to arrange the housing for the exhaust air pipes in the upper part of the partition or to arrange the exhaust air pipe to pass inside the partition. The electrical and water conduits 20 can be transported inside the partition walls of the building or in an additional cavity space provided inside the exterior wall.
    Manufactured using a roof structure as described above, the roof forms an oblique ceiling in the building, which adds 25 spaces and space. When some of the roof elements comprise an insulating glass element as a roof, this further provides additional space and luminosity. Since a traditional ceiling construction is not formed under a roof made with a roof structure as described above, conventional workings such as supports, insulation, ventilation duct installation 30 and passageways under and over the ceiling will also be completely removed or at least moved from inside the building.
    Roof construction is simplified and accelerated by the use of the roof elements described above. Many construction site 35 work stages are omitted, for example because the roof elements themselves include load-bearing beams. This avoids, for example, installing roof trusses and roof ribs separately. The load-bearing beams, if desired, remain visible inside the building, which adds a touch of aesthetics to the ceiling of the building. Using a roof element to get a daylight through the ceiling is simpler and quicker in the workflow than using 5 conventional skylights.
    The roof element is adapted for use in the roof structure of a building. The roof element comprises load-bearing beams, a roof and a roof, and a light opening arranged in the roof. The roof element of the roof element may be 10 insulating glass elements consisting of at least two separate glasses.
    The outermost glass surface of the insulating glass element may comprise active glass. The insulating glass element may comprise electrically heated glass. The insulating glass element may comprise a heat-absorbing glass.
    The roof element may further comprise a first layer of material. The insulating glass element may be attached to the first layer of material using a structural glazing method. The roof element may further comprise at least one dielectric layer. The insulating layer may optionally comprise extruded polystyrene.
    The length of the roof element may be equal to the length of the roof flap.
    The roof structure is adapted to be mounted on the ridge beam and the exterior wall of the building. The roof structure comprises at least two roof elements.
    20175474 prh 29 -05- 2017
    The roof elements can be joined together to form one another. The at least one continuous roof surface element of the roof structure comprises a light aperture arranged in the water roof.
    The roof of a building can be manufactured using a roof structure.
    In the method, the roof elements are attached to the building's beams and to the exterior wall of the building. The roof elements are fastened at their first end on the top or side of the building's beams. The roof elements are fixed at one end to the exterior wall of the building. All seams between roof elements are sealed using the structural glazing method.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    A roof element (100, 300) adapted for use in a roof structure of a building, comprising roof beams (101, 301),
    5 a roof (103, 303) and a roof (105, 303, 305), and a light aperture arranged in the roof (103, 303).
    [2]
    Roofing element (100, 300) according to claim 1, wherein the roofing element (103, 303) is an insulating glass element (303) consisting of at least two
    10 separate glasses.
    [3]
    The roof element (100, 300) according to claim 2, wherein the outermost glass surface of the insulating glass element (303) comprises an active glass.
    15
    [4]
    The roof element (100, 300) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the insulating glass element (303) comprises electrically heated glass.
    [5]
    A roofing element (100, 300) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the insulating glass element (303) comprises a heat-absorbing element
    20 glasses.
    [6]
    A roof element (100, 300) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a first material layer (102, 302), and wherein the insulating glass element (303) is attached to the first
    25 material layers (102, 302) using the structural glazing method.
    [7]
    Roofing element (100, according to any one of claims 1 to 6)
    300), further comprising at least one dielectric layer (104, 304), the dielectric layer (104, 304) optionally comprising extruded
    30 polystyrene.
    [8]
    A roof element (100, 300) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 having a length equal to the length of the roof panel.
    [9]
    A roof structure adapted to be mounted on a ridge beam and an exterior wall of a building comprising at least two roof elements (100, 200, 300) interconnected to form a continuous roof surface and having at least one roof element (100,
    5,300) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
    [10]
    A method of manufacturing a roof of a building, wherein the roof is manufactured using the roof structure of claim 9.
    10
    [11]
    The method of manufacturing a roof of a building according to claim 10, wherein the roof elements (100, 200, 300) are attached to the building's beams and to the exterior wall of the building.
    [12]
    The method of claim 10 or 11 for roofing a building
    [13]
    15, wherein the roof elements (100, 200, 300) are attached at one of their ends to the building beams or side, and the roof elements (100, 200, 300) are secured at their other ends to the exterior wall of the building.
    [14]
    The method of manufacturing a building roof according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein all seams between the roof elements (100, 200, 300) are jointed using a structural glazing method.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI20175474A|2018-11-30|
    FI129078B|2021-06-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
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